Delightful South Africa With Kruger Private Tour

• We work hard in our profession for long so we all need vacation and days off so that we can spend time with our family, see the world and relax. Every individual has different perception of their perfect holiday. Some may opt for adventure activities while others want to pamper themselves with world's most exotic spa or massages while others want to just relax and laze around.

Some important questions to ask yourself and your family - 

• Do you want a sightseeing vacation where you want to explore new places, see new attractions and meet new people?
• Are you ready to have an active holiday where in you will be doing sightseeing for full days in most of your holiday?
• Are you ready to wake up early in order to do most of the sightseeings or excursion?
• Are you ready to follow the time schedule religiously in order to cover maximum possible sights in depth?
• If yes to above you may choose africa, usa, europe, singapore, hongkong, china etc.
• Or, if your idea of a perfect vacation is where you just want to relax Spend time with your family and be close to them and stay away from the world.
• Do not intend to do much sightseeing and exploration of the destination.
• If yes than exotic islands, luxury resorts, cruises and destinations like mauritius, maldives, sri lanka, bintan, bali and langkawi are some of the examples to choose from for your holiday. Or, are you interested in History and architecture?
• Explore untouched scenic beauty?
• Adventure and exciting activities?
• Beaches or water activities?
• Wild life?
• Some countries like egypt and europe have a lot of history and architecture, while countries like australia and new zealand offer great adventure and kenya offers great wildlife and so on some countries also have multiple interesting attractions. (it will be of great help to yourself, if you plan your vacation keeping in mind your own interest.)

Budget

• This is the most important. Please do not keep it so less that you compromise on hotels, sightseeing, meals etc. for a few thousand rupees you miss something very important. At the same time please do not overstretch your budget that it pinches you during your tour, where you have gone there to enjoy, relax & not to worry about the money you have spent on it.

Best time to visit in South Africa

• The best time to visit South Africa depends on what you're looking for in your travel experience, as the country offers a range of climates and attractions. South Africa's climate varies from region to region, so it's important to consider your interests and preferences when planning your trip.
• Summer (December to February): This is the peak tourist season in South Africa. The weather is warm to hot, and it's a great time for beach activities, outdoor adventures, and wildlife viewing. However, popular destinations can get crowded, and accommodations might be more expensive. This is also the rainy season in some regions, like Cape Town.

• This is when high season begins. It heats up across the country and the downpour starts in the Kruger and KwaZulu Natal. The Cape gets to see the last month of the whale season. This is a great time to visit island areas such as the Karoo before the temperature rises.
• Autumn (March to May): This is considered one of the best times to visit. The weather is still pleasant, the crowds have decreased, and it's a good time for wildlife viewing, particularly in game reserves. The landscapes are often lush after the summer rains.
• Winter (June to August): Winter is a good time for wildlife viewing, especially in Kruger National Park and other game reserves, as the drier vegetation makes animals easier to spot. It's also the low tourist season, which means fewer crowds and potentially better rates for accommodations. The weather can be cool, especially in the evenings, so pack accordingly.
• Spring (September to November): Spring is a lovely time to visit, as the weather starts warming up, flowers bloom, and the landscapes become vibrant. It's a good time for whale watching in the coastal areas. However, keep in mind that September can still be chilly in some regions.
• Wildflowers: One of the most iconic aspects of spring in Cape Town is the wildflower bloom.
• Jacaranda Trees: Cape Town has many Jacaranda trees, and these trees burst into bloom during spring. The lavender-blue flowers add a touch of magic to the cityscape.
• Cape Floral Kingdom: one of the world's six floral kingdoms and known for its incredible biodiversity.
• Gardens and Parks: Cape Town is home to beautiful gardens and parks, such as Kirstenbosch National Botanical Garden and the Company's Garden.
• Spring Bulbs: Various spring bulbs, including daffodils and tulips, can be found in gardens and flowerbeds throughout the city.
• Beach Blooms: Cape Town's coastal areas also have their share of spring blooms, including beach vegetation and flowering succulents.

South Africa's diverse geography means that different regions have different climates. For example, Cape Town has a Mediterranean climate with its rainy season in the winter months, while the Kruger National Park area has a subtropical climate with a dry winter. When planning your trip, consider your interests, the activities you want to engage in, and the specific regions you want to visit. Keep in mind that popular attractions, accommodations, and flights might be more readily available and less expensive during the shoulder seasons or winter months. Top of Form

• Ans: Flights from India to South Africa are available, but please note that flight availability and schedules can change due to various factors, including global events, travel restrictions, and airline policies. It's important to check with airlines and relevant authorities for the most up-to-date information. Here are some general points to consider:
  
• Airlines: Major international airlines like Emirates, Qatar Airways, Etihad Airways, Ethiopian Airlines, and South African Airways often operate flights between India and South Africa. These airlines typically offer connecting flights with layovers in their respective hub cities

Please note that airline routes and schedules can change, and new options may have become available.

• South Africa has a well-developed domestic air travel network with several airlines operating flights between major cities and regions. Some of the main internal flight options in South Africa include

Cemair, FlySafair,Airlink, Kulula, Mango, South African Airways, etc….

• These airlines usually operate flights between major cities like Johannesburg, Cape Town, Durban, and smaller towns or cities across the country. Please note that airline operations can change over time, so I recommend checking with the airlines or using online flight booking platforms to get the most up-to-date information on internal flight options in South Africa.
  

Ans: 

• The South African Economy is the second largest economy after Nigeria and the most industrialized, technologically advanced and diverse economy. It has grown many fold post-apartheid era. South African GDP per capita stood at 6500 USD. 

• Diversified Economy: South Africa's economy is one of the most diversified in Africa, with sectors including mining, agriculture, manufacturing, services, finance, and tourism.

• Mining: Historically, mining has played a significant role in South Africa's economy. The country is rich in mineral resources, particularly gold, platinum, and diamonds. However, the importance of the mining sector has declined over the years due to various factors, including declining commodity prices and labor disputes.
• Manufacturing: The manufacturing sector is important and contributes significantly to the country's GDP. Industries include automotive manufacturing, steel production, chemicals, and textiles.
  
• Services: The services sector is a major contributor to GDP, encompassing finance, telecommunications, tourism, and other professional services.
  
• Financial Services: South Africa has a well-developed financial sector with a strong banking and financial services industry. Johannesburg is known as the financial hub of Africa and hosts the Johannesburg Stock Exchange (JSE), one of the largest stock exchanges in the world.
  
• Tourism: South Africa is a popular tourist destination known for its natural beauty, wildlife, and cultural heritage. Tourism contributes to both economic growth and job creation.
  
• Agriculture: Agriculture plays a significant role in providing employment and contributing to rural development. Key agricultural products include citrus fruits, wine, maize, and sugar.
  
• Infrastructure: South Africa has well-developed infrastructure compared to many other African countries, including road networks, ports, and energy production. However, there have been challenges in maintaining and expanding infrastructure, leading to issues like electricity shortages.
  
• Trade: South Africa is a member of the Southern African Customs Union (SACU) and the Southern African Development Community (SADC), which promote regional trade. The country also has trade relationships with various international partners.
  
• Challenges: The South African economy faces challenges such as political uncertainty, corruption, high crime rates, and the impact of HIV/AIDS.The South African energy crisis or load shedding is an ongoing period of widespread national blackouts of electricity supply. Load shedding has disrupted daily life, affected businesses, and undermined economic growth.

• Every individual has a different perception of their perfect holiday. Some people may opt for adventure activities, while others want to pamper themselves with the world’s most exotic spa or massages.
• Vacations are extremely important to us & our families, be it a small break or a month long tour. We want them to the best and most enjoyable ones.To start with, just ask some simple questions to yourself & your families – No of days you want to spend on your vacation

Budget 

• The activities you wish to do at the destination (eg: adventure activities/history/natural beauty/nightlife/beaches/mountains, etc.)
• Difference between Individual Tours & Escorted Group Tours – 

• Self-drive:Choosing self-drive in South Africa can be an excellent way to explore the country for several reasons:
• Flexibility: Self-driving gives you the freedom to create your itinerary and explore at your own pace. You can choose when and where to go, allowing for spontaneous detours and discoveries along the way.
• Scenic Routes: South Africa is known for its breathtaking landscapes, from the Garden Route along the coast to the Drakensberg Mountains and Kruger National Park. When you self-drive, you have the opportunity to take in these scenic routes at your leisure, stopping for photos or to enjoy the views.
• Access to Remote Areas: Self-driving allows you to reach remote and less-visited areas that may not be easily accessible by public transportation. This can lead to more authentic and off-the-beaten-path experiences.
• Cultural Exploration: Driving through South Africa gives you the opportunity to interact with local communities and experience the country's diverse cultures and traditions.
• Cost Savings: While renting a vehicle and paying for fuel might seem like an added expense, it can be cost-effective when compared to guided tours, especially if you're traveling with a group or family.
• Privacy and Comfort: Self-driving provides you with privacy and control over your travel experience. You can stop for breaks when needed, enjoy private accommodations, and have a more personalized journey.
• Adventure and Challenge: If you enjoy adventure and a bit of challenge, self-driving in South Africa can be a rewarding experience. Navigating the roads and terrain can add an element of excitement to your trip.
• Customization: You can tailor your trip to your specific interests, whether it's wildlife photography, hiking, wine tasting, or historical exploration. Self-driving allows you to choose activities and destinations that align with your preferences.
• International Driving Permit (IDP): While you’re Indian driver's license is generally valid in South Africa for a short-term visit (tourism or business). So there is no requirement for an IDP. 
• Safety: it's essential to prioritize safety at all times. South Africa has a wide range of road conditions and driving challenges
• Rest Stops: Take regular breaks during long drives to rest and stretch. Fatigue can be a significant safety risk.
• Fuel and Supplies: The fuel is an exclusion out of the car cost, and needs to be paid for directly as per the car usage. 
• Crime Awareness: While self-driving, be aware of your surroundings and take precautions against theft. Keep valuables out of sight, lock the doors when driving, and be cautious in unfamiliar areas, especially at night.
• Local Laws: Familiarize yourself with South African traffic laws, as they may differ from your home country. Ignorance of the law is not an excuse.
• Travel Insurance: Consider purchasing comprehensive travel insurance that includes coverage for car rentals and medical emergencies.
• Speed Limits: Adhere to posted speed limits, which can vary from urban areas to rural roads. Speed limits are often strictly enforced, and there may be speed cameras along highways.

Type of vehicles for self-drive: 

• Compact Cars: Small cars like hatchbacks or sedans are popular for their fuel efficiency and ease of driving on South Africa's roads, including both highways and smaller rural routes.
  
• SUVs : SUVs provide more space and comfort, especially for longer journeys.
• Luxury Vehicles: For travelers seeking a more comfortable and stylish experience, luxury cars and SUVs are available from various rental agencies.

While self-driving in South Africa offers many advantages, it's essential to be well-prepared, as mentioned in the previous response, to ensure a safe and enjoyable journey. Make sure you have a reliable vehicle, plan your routes, and stay informed about local conditions and safety recommendations.

Private chauffeur-driven vehicle

Choosing a chauffeur-driven vehicle in South Africa can be a great option for travelers who prefer a more relaxed and convenient experience, especially in certain situations. Here are some reasons why you might opt for a chauffeur-driven vehicle:

• Convenience: Having a chauffeur means you don't have to worry about navigating unfamiliar roads, dealing with traffic, or finding parking. You can sit back, relax, and enjoy the scenery.
• Local Knowledge: Chauffeurs are usually locals who know the area well. They can provide valuable insights, recommendations, and information about the places you visit, enhancing your overall experience.
• Safety: If you're concerned about safety, especially in areas with high crime rates or challenging road conditions, having a professional driver can provide peace of mind. Chauffeurs are typically trained in defensive driving and safety protocols.
• Comfort: Chauffeur-driven vehicles often offer a higher level of comfort and luxury. You can choose the type of vehicle that suits your preferences, whether it's a sedan, SUV, or even a limousine.
• Time Efficiency: With a chauffeur, you can utilise your time. You won't need to waste time searching for directions, refueling, or dealing with other logistical aspects of driving.
• Relaxation: Traveling can be tiring, and having a chauffeur means you can relax during your journeys. This is especially beneficial for long-distance travel or multi-day trips.
• Special Occasions: If you're celebrating a special occasion like a wedding, anniversary, or birthday, a chauffeur-driven vehicle can add a touch of elegance and sophistication to your event.
• Business Travel: For business travelers, chauffeur services can provide a professional and comfortable way to get around the city, attend meetings, and make a positive impression on clients or colleagues.
• Language Barrier: If you're not proficient in the local language, a chauffeur can help bridge the language gap, making it easier to communicate with locals and navigate your way.
• Avoiding Stress: Traveling in an unfamiliar place can be stressful, especially in busy cities or areas with complex road networks. A chauffeur can take the stress out of transportation, allowing you to focus on enjoying your trip.

While hiring a chauffeur-driven vehicle offers numerous advantages, it's important to consider your budget, travel goals, and personal preferences when deciding between self-driving and chauffeur-driven options in South Africa. Both have their merits, and the choice ultimately depends on your specific needs and priorities.

Types of vehicles on private basis with driver:

• Private Sedans: Comfortable sedans like Toyota Corolla, Honda Civic, or similar models are suitable for small groups or individuals looking for a straightforward transportation option with a driver.
• SUVs: Larger SUVs such as Toyota Fortuner, Avanza, Ford Everest, or similar vehicles offer more space and comfort, making them ideal for families or small groups traveling together.
• Minivans: Vehicles like Hyundai H1, Splinter, Toyota Quantum, or similar minivans provide ample space for larger groups, with seating typically ranging from 7 to 13 passengers. They are well-suited for tours, airport transfers, and day trips.
• Luxury Vehicles: If you prefer a more upscale experience, options like Mercedes-Benz E-Class, BMW 5 Series, or Audi A6 with a private driver can provide both comfort and style during your travels.
• Coaches or Buses: For very large groups, coaches or buses can be arranged with a driver to accommodate up to 60 passengers or more. These are often used for organized tours or group transfers.

Yes, adhering to the timings is generally important even in private vehicle tours. Here are a few reasons why:

• Scheduled Itinerary: Private tours often have a pre-planned itinerary with specific activities and site visits scheduled at particular times. Sticking to the schedule ensures that you can see and do everything planned for the day.
• Operational Hours: Many attractions, restaurants, and other points of interest have specific opening and closing hours. Adhering to the timings helps ensure you can visit these places when they are open.
• Driver/Guide Schedules: Your driver and guide may have other commitments or may need to adhere to working hour regulations. Respecting the schedule helps ensure they can fulfill their obligations and get the rest they need.
• Traffic and Travel Times: Depending on the location, traffic and travel times can vary. Sticking to the planned timings helps avoid rush hours and ensures smoother travel.

However, private tours can be more flexible compared to group tours. If you want to adjust the schedule, you can usually discuss it with your guide or tour operator. They can often accommodate reasonable changes as long as it doesn’t disrupt the overall itinerary or other commitments. It's always best to communicate any desired changes in advance.

• In a private tour, the experience is tailored specifically to your group, allowing for more flexibility and personalized attention. In a group tour, you share the experience with other travelers and follow a set itinerary.
  

• Yes, one of the main advantages of a private vehicle tour is the ability to customize the itinerary. You can often work with the tour operator or guide to include specific sites, activities, and experiences that interest you.

• Inclusions can vary, but typically the cost covers the vehicle, driver/guide services, fuel, and sometimes entry fees to attractions and meals. Always check with the tour provider for specific details.

It is generally not possible to have the vehicle for more than 8 hours and travel anywhere in the city or town, here are some key considerations and alternative options:

• Tour Company Policies: Some tour companies have strict policies regarding the maximum hours of service per day, possibly due to legal regulations, driver safety, or company guidelines. Always check with the tour operator to understand their specific policies.
• Driver Regulations: There are often legal restrictions on the number of hours a driver can work continuously to ensure safety. These regulations vary by country and can impact the availability of extended vehicle use.
• Pre-Defined Itinerary: Private tours might have pre-defined itineraries designed to fit within an 8-hour period. Discuss your plans with the tour operator to see if the itinerary can be adjusted to include your desired destinations within the allotted time.

• South Africa has a strong system for tour guides, with various qualifications and certifications available. Tour guides are trained to provide insightful and informative experiences for tourists, often specializing in areas such as wildlife, cultural history, or adventure tourism.
• Guide will be available as per the group size and will be at an additional cost on the request basis.

• South Africa is a haven for adventure enthusiasts and those looking to explore a variety of activities. 
  
• Always check weather conditions and seasonal variations for the specific activity you’re interested in.
• South Africa's weather can vary widely depending on the region and time of year

1. Wildlife Safaris
2. Canopy tours
3. Kayaking & Canoeing
4. Hiking and Trekking
5. Shark Cage Diving
6. Bungee Jumping
7. Cape Winelands
8. Mountain Biking
9. Caving and Spelunking
10. Cultural Experiences
11. Paragliding

South Africa can be a safe destination for tourists, but safety varies by location and situation.

• Cape Town: Famous for its stunning landscapes and attractions like Table Mountain, Cape Town is generally safe in tourist-friendly areas.
• Johannesburg: A major urban center with rich cultural offerings, Johannesburg has areas with higher crime rates. Popular spots such as Sandton and Rosebank are relatively safer, but it's wise to remain cautious and avoid less reputable areas
• Durban: Known for its beaches and warm climate, Durban is generally safe in tourist areas. As with any city, exercise caution and be mindful of your surroundings.
• Garden Route: This scenic area along the southern coast is popular with tourists and is generally safe, offering beautiful landscapes and outdoor activities.

Safety Tips

• Accommodation: Choose well-reviewed and reputable places to stay. Consider accommodations that have good security measures.
• Transportation: Use reliable transportation options. In cities, prefer registered taxis or rideshare services over hailing cabs off the street. When driving, be cautious and follow local traffic laws.
• Personal Security: Keep a close eye on your belongings, especially in crowded places. Avoid displaying expensive items like jewelry and be mindful of pickpocketing.
• Health Precautions: Depending on where you visit, you may need vaccinations or malaria prophylaxis. Check with a travel health clinic before your trip.

• General overview of the visa procedure for South Africa. Please note that visa regulations and requirements can change, so it's crucial to check with the South African Department of Home Affairs or the nearest South African embassy or consulate for the most up-to-date information before planning your trip. Visa requirements can vary depending on your nationality, the purpose of your visit, and the type of visa you need. Here are the basic steps for obtaining a South African visa:

General Information About Visas $ Visa Requirements

http://www.dha.gov.za/index.php/immigration-services/types-of-visas

• Please note that visa requirements and procedures can change, so it's essential to check with the South African Embassy or Consulate in India or visit the official South African Department of Home Affairs website for the most up-to-date information.
• Collect all the necessary documents to support your visa application. These documents typically include:
• Passport, (valid for at least 6 months after the intended stay/departure date From South Africa; at least Two unused/blank visa pages) (Along with Old Passport)
• PAN Card copy of each pax
• 3 recent photographs - fresh photographs
• Photo size 35mm by 45mm without border, without spectacles, without showing teeth, fully visible ears. 70% (3 CM) Full-face image from chin to crown and 20% Body Coverage (Shoulders Should be visible) taken against white background and with colorful clothes. The photo finishing should be matt or semi matt.
• 2 Business letterhead (for explaining purpose of travel)- to be signed as per passport and stamp with Designation
• 2 Business Cards
• Proof of funds (Last 06 month’s bank statement signed and stamped by the bank With a balance of INR 70,000 per person (Required original Indian bank statement on bank letterhead with Stamp and signature and No passbook, No e-statements, No Net banking copies Will be accepted.)
• Bank Balance Certificate (Must)
• N.O.C. from the employer (if Govt. employee)
• If a married couple does not have each other’s name in the passport under ‘SPOUSE’ column, a TRUE COPY (notary) of their marriage certificate is required (English only)
• Student’s ID card copy (TRUE COPY) or bonafide certificate (ORIGINAL) with Principal’s Name 
• Birth Certificate copy in English, True copy done by Gazetted Officer (For child below 18 years)
• Visa Form with sign - Same as per passport (Need both the Parents sign beside child’s sign below 18 years)
• Vaccination certificate, (yellow fever) if applicant will travel through or stay in yellow fever belt.
• There is no Refund if visa will reject.

Please note: it takes minimum 15-20 working days for South Africa Visa

1. Lions
2. Leopards
3. Elephants
4. Buffalos
5. Rhinoceroses. 

In addition to these iconic animals, the park is home to an astonishing array of other species, including cheetahs, hippos, crocodiles, zebras, giraffes, various antelope species, and over 500 bird species.

The park offers a range of accommodation options, from rustic campsites to luxurious lodges. This allows visitors to choose accommodations that suit their preferences and budgets.

Kruger National Park is easily accessible, with multiple entrance gates and nearby airports, making it a convenient destination for travelers.

For those who prefer a guided experience, Kruger offers guided game drives conducted by experienced rangers and guides. These experts can enhance your wildlife viewing experience by sharing their knowledge of the animals and ecosystems.

With its stunning landscapes and abundant wildlife, Kruger National Park is a paradise for photographers. The chance to capture wildlife in its natural habitat is a major draw for wildlife photographers.

Bird enthusiasts will be delighted by the park's rich birdlife. Kruger is home to a diverse range of bird species, from eagles and vultures to brightly colored bee-eaters and kingfishers.

• A game drive is a popular safari activity that involves traveling through natural wildlife habitats, such as national parks, game reserves, or private wildlife conservancies, in search of wild animals and an opportunity to observe them in their natural environment. Game drives are typically conducted in specially designed vehicles, such as open-top safari vehicles or 4x4 off-road vehicles, which provide an elevated vantage point for better wildlife viewing and photography.
• Wildlife Observation: The primary purpose of a game drive is to observe and appreciate wild animals in their natural habitat. This can include a wide range of animals, from large mammals like lions, elephants, and giraffes to smaller creatures like birds, reptiles, and insects.
• Experienced Guides: Game drives are usually led by experienced and knowledgeable guides or rangers who are familiar with the local flora and fauna. They are skilled at stracking and locating animals and can provide valuable information about the wildlife and ecosystems.
• Timing: Game drives are typically conducted during the early morning and late afternoon when many animals are most active. This is often referred to as the "golden hours" for wildlife viewing, as predators are more likely to be on the move, and the lighting is ideal for photography.
• Off-Roading: In some areas, game drives may involve off-roading to access remote or less-traveled areas where wildlife is more abundant. This allows for closer encounters with animals and a more immersive safari experience.
• Safety: Safety is a top priority on game drives. Guides are trained to maintain a safe distance from wild animals to prevent disturbances or potential threats. Guests are also advised to follow safety guidelines, such as staying seated and quiet during sightings.
• Duration: Game drives can vary in duration, but they typically last a few hours, with breaks for refreshments or meals, depending on the tour or safari package.
• Vehicle Types: The type of vehicle used for a game drive can vary depending on the safari destination and the operator. Open-top vehicles provide unobstructed views, while closed vehicles may be used in regions with adverse weather conditions or safety concerns.
• Game drives offer a unique opportunity to connect with nature, witness the beauty of wildlife, and gain a deeper understanding of the natural world. They are a popular and memorable activity for tourists visiting wildlife-rich destinations in Africa, Asia, and other parts of the world where safaris are offered.

Early Humans in South Africa:

• South Africa is actually home to some of the oldest fossil human remains in the world. Three million-year-old fossil remains of an early human-like species Australopithecus africanus, have been discovered at a number of sites on the highveld.

Arrival of the European:

• The first Europeans to make contact with South Africa were Portuguese sailor attempting to find routes to the spice islands of Asia.
• In 1497 Portuguese sailor, Vasco da Gama, rounded the cape and continued up the continent's eastern coast before heading further east, eventually to India. Over the next 200 years increasing numbers of Portuguese traders and their Dutch and British competitors began to make the journey to the east via the Cape of Good Hope.
• The Dutch were the first European trading power to set up a permanent settlement in South Africa. In 1652 the powerful Dutch East India Company built a fort and established a supply station under the command of Jan Van Riebeek on a site that later became Cape Town. The idea was to drop into to get settlement growing into a larger community and at first, every inhabitant was a company servant.
• This situation soon altered, however, when the company decided that it would allow a group of servants who had worked out their contracts to settle as independent farmers and supply the post with their produce.
• As the settler farming areas expanded they came into contact with San and Khoi and by the end of the 18th century they had almost all been either absorbed into settler economy as servants.

Arrival of the British:

• During the 18th century Dutch economic and political power began to wane.
• In 1795 the British sailed into False Bay and annexed the Dutch Colony. The British were really interested in the Cape as a staging post and strategic port to protect trade with their new Asian empire. The colony was not profitable and neither the British government nor business took much interest in the new possession. In 1820 the British parliament transported settlers from Britain to occupy this area. 1820 settler's attitudes towards things such as the freedom of press and towards the proper role of government played an important part in shaping 19th century Cape settler society.
• The other fundamental change that British rule brought about was the ending of the slave trade and then the total banning of slavery.

Mineral Revolution:

• In 1867, diamonds were discovered near the confluence of the Harts and Vaal rivers.
• By 1872, 20,000 Europeans and a large number of Africans and coloreds had converged on the site of the soon diamond capital, Kimberley. At first there were to be numerous small individual plots at the mines but these soon became concentrated into the hands of one or two companies who bought up the claims from small entities. Eventually total control of the mines rested in the hands of Cecile Rhodes DeBeer Consolidated Mines.
• In 1886 there was a further mineral discovery in South Africa; this was gold on the Witwatersrand in the Transvaal Republic.

The Rise of Nationalism:

• In 1912 a group of African leaders called for a national convention for all African political groups in the Country. This gathering in Bloemfontein marked the formation of a more organized phase in African opposition to racist legislation and lead to the South African Native National Congress, later renamed the African National Congress.

The Apartheid Programme:

• The word simply means 'apart', and as such can be seen as simply a refinement of segregationist idea that had dominated in the first half of the century. A group of Afrikaner intellectuals who saw the total separation of the races as being the only way in which white could maintain political power over South Africa. This political philosophy was obviously not at all popular amongst white factory owners and farmers who relied upon cheap African labor to run their business. To these people Apartheid should be simply a way maintaining a cheap supply of African labor with few employment or political rights that would allow the demand of higher wages. Segregation of all amenities was also tightened and there became no area of African life where the state did not intervene.
• Nelson Mandela, who had joined the ANC's Youth League in the 1940s., used Gandhian tactics of peaceful resistance to the new Apartheid legislation. He used Gandhi's concept of civil disobedience. Civil disobedience is the act of using methods such as boycotting and protesting, not involving the characteristics of violence. Because of Mandela's approach to the situation, he went to jail for 27 years because he fought for what he thought everyone was entitled to have: freedom. People recognized Mandela's courageousness and so when he was freed from imprisonment, he was elected president by his people. He eliminated the Apartheid and established an equal and tranquil country.

Dismantling apartheid

• With increasing local and international opposition to apartheid in the 1980s, including an armed struggle, widespread civil unrest, economic and cultural sanctions by the international community, and pressure from the anti-apartheid movement around the world, State President FW de Klerk announced the unbanning of the African National Congress and Pan Africanist Congress as well as the release of Nelson Mandela on 2 February 1990, which signalled the beginning of a transition to democracy.
• 1994 South African population voted in the first general elections. The African National Congress won election to govern for the very first time., Nelson Mandela was elected as President on 9 May 1994
• In early 2002 a planned military coup by a white supremacist movement known as the Boeremag (Boer Force) was foiled by the South African police. Two dozen conspirators including senior South African Army officers were arrested and the extremist organisation was dismantled. The effectiveness of the police in foiling the planned coup strengthened public perceptions that the democratic order was irreversible.
• In 1999 & 2004 Thabo Mbeki became President.
• In 2009 Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma became president of South Africa.
• 2013, Nelson Mandela, the first president of South Africa elected in a fully representative democratic election, died at the age of 95 after suffering from a prolonged respiratory infection. He died at around 20:50 local time (UTC+2) at his home in Houghton, Johannesburg, South Africa.
• 2014, Jacob Gedleyihlekisa Zuma, (born 12 April 1942) is the President of South Africa elected by parliament following his party’s victory in the 2009 general election. He was reelected in the 2014 election.

• Coach travel is a popular and widely available mode of transportation in South Africa. Coaches, often referred to as buses in South Africa, and are commonly used for Tourism, both intercity and long-distance travel within the country.
• Coach tourism is an ideal option for group travel, whether you're traveling with family, friends, or as part of a tour group. It allows groups to stay together and enjoy the journey as a collective experience.
• Coaches also serve long-distance routes that can take you to various destinations within South Africa. These routes are particularly useful for travelers exploring different regions of the country, including the Garden Route, the Panorama Route, and the Drakensberg Mountains.
• Some coach operators offer tour packages that combine transportation with guided tours and activities, making it easier for tourists to explore South Africa's attractions.
• South Africa has a well-developed road network, and many of the major routes are suitable for coach travel, making road-based tourism a popular and convenient option. However, the quality of roads and the ease of travel can vary depending on the specific route and location.
  
• South Africa's major highways and well-traveled routes, especially those connecting major cities and popular tourist destinations, generally have good road infrastructure. These roads are usually well-maintained and suitable for coach travel.
  
• In rural and less-traveled areas, road conditions may vary. Some roads in remote or less-developed regions might be unpaved or less well-maintained. Coach travel in these areas may be slower, and road conditions can be affected by weather.

• South Africa is well-connected by air and land to neighboring countries, making it relatively easy to plan multi-country trips.
• Namibia: South Africa and Namibia share a border in the southwestern part of Africa.
• Botswana: Botswana is known for its pristine wilderness and exceptional wildlife safaris.
• Zimbabwe: Combining a visit to South Africa with a trip to Victoria Falls offers a mix of adventure activities, such as white-water rafting and bungee jumping, as well as opportunities to explore Zimbabwe's rich history.
• Mozambique:  Combining South Africa with Mozambique allows for a diverse vacation, coastline along the Indian Ocean is known for its stunning beaches and coral reefs.
• Eswatini (formerly Swaziland): Located within South Africa's borders, Eswatini is a small kingdom known for its cultural festivals and scenic landscapes. 
• Lesotho: Completely surrounded by South Africa, Lesotho is known as the "Mountain Kingdom." It offers spectacular mountain scenery, including the Drakensberg Mountains..
• Zambia: Zambia shares a border with South Africa in the north. Combining the two countries allows travelers to explore Zambia's national parks, including South Luangwa and Lower Zambezi, known for their abundant wildlife and opportunities for walking safaris.
• Kenya or Tanzania: While these East African countries are not neighbors to South Africa, they are often combined with South Africa in longer African itineraries. Kenya and Tanzania offer some of the best safari experiences in Africa, with the Maasai Mara and Serengeti being iconic destinations for the Great Migration and wildlife viewing.
• Mauritius & Seychelles: South Africa offers a wide range of experiences, from safaris in national parks and game reserves to exploring cities like Cape Town and Johannesburg. Mauritius & Seychelles is known for its stunning beaches, water sports, and relaxation. Determine the duration you want to spend in each location. For flights that connect South African cities like Johannesburg or Cape Town to Mauritius. There are direct flights available from several South African airports to Mauritius.

International Hotel Chains

There are several international hotel chains operating in South Africa. Some of the well-known international hotel chains that were present in South Africa as of 2021 include

Hilton Hotels & Resorts

Hilton operates several properties in South Africa, including

• Hilton Sandton
• Hilton Durban
• Hilton Cape Town City Centre

Marriott International: Marriott has a strong presence in South Africa with brands like 

• Marriott Hotels
• Protea Hotels
• African Pride Hotels in various cities

Radisson Blu: Radisson Blu has hotels in cities such as 

• Cape Town
• Johannesburg 
• Port Elizabeth

Radisson Hotel Group: In addition to Radisson Blu, Radisson Hotel Group operates other brands like 

Park Inn by Radisson in South Africa

InterContinental Hotels Group (IHG): IHG has properties under brands like 

• Holiday Inn
• Holiday Inn Express
• Crowne Plaza 

AccorHotels: AccorHotels has a presence in South Africa through brands like 

• Sofitel 
• Novotel,
• Ibis

Best Western: Best Western has hotels in various South African cities.

• Four Seasons 
• NH Hotels

Local Chains

South Africa has several local hotel chains that offer a diverse range of accommodation options across the country. These local hotel chains are often known for their unique South African hospitality and may have properties in major cities, coastal areas, and game reserves. 

• Southern Sun Hotels: Part of the Tsogo Sun Hotels group, Southern Sun operates numerous hotels and resorts across South Africa, offering a blend of business and leisure accommodations.
• Tsogo Sun Hotels: Tsogo Sun Hotels is one of the largest hospitality groups in South Africa and manages a wide range of hotels, resorts, and casinos across the country, including Southern Sun, SunSquare, and Garden Court brands.
• City Lodge Hotels: City Lodge is a South African hotel chain known for its affordable and comfortable accommodations. They have a presence in various cities across South Africa.
• Protea Hotels: While Protea Hotels is now part of Marriott International, it was originally a South African brand. It offers a mix of city and leisure hotels across the country.
• Aha Hotels & Lodges: Aha is a South African-based hospitality group with a collection of hotels and lodges in various locations, including cities, coastal areas, and game reserves.
• Peermont Hotels, Casinos, and Resorts: Peermont operates hotels, resorts, and casinos in South Africa and Botswana, providing a blend of leisure and entertainment options.
• Sun International: Sun International, headquartered in South Africa, has a diverse portfolio of luxury resorts, hotels, and casinos across the continent, including South Africa.
• Legacy Hotels & Resorts: Legacy is a South African hotel group with a collection of hotels and resorts in various cities, often known for its luxurious properties.
• Three Cities Group: The Three Cities Group offers a variety of accommodations, including hotels, game lodges, and boutique properties, in different South African destinations.
• Guvon Hotels & Spas: Guvon Hotels & Spas is a local South African chain with a focus on providing tranquil and upscale accommodations, often combined with spa facilities.

South Africa boasts numerous luxurious private game reserves that offer discerning travelers an opulent safari experience. These reserves are known for their exquisite accommodations, top-notch service, gourmet dining, and, of course, exceptional wildlife encounters

• Shamwari Game Reserve: Shamwari Game Reserve is located 75 km outside Gqeberha, Eastern Cape, South Africa. An essential focus is the management, development and rehabilitation of an ecosystem that has been returned to a more natural condition after many years of agricultural farming. It is part of the Indalo Protected Environment.
• Amakhala Game Reserve: Amakhala Game Reserve is located in the malaria-free Eastern Cape of South Africa. The Game Reserve offers a wide variety of 3, 4 & 5-star owner-managed experiences. The private Game Reserve offers guests accommodation in a selection of 9 diverse establishments made up of restored Country houses, Safari Lodges and Tented camps located in different areas of the large 8 500 hectare Game Reserve.Some dwellings are owned and managed by fifth generation Frontier Settlers families (read the history of the Game Reserve)
• Gondwana Game Reserve: It is situated in the heart of the Garden Route, near Mossel Bay in the Western Cape province. Gondwana Game Reserve is known for its stunning natural beauty, diverse wildlife, and upscale accommodations
• Singita Private Game Reserve: Singita operates several lodges and reserves across South Africa, including Singita Sabi Sand and Singita Kruger National Park. These lodges are renowned for their ultra-luxurious accommodations, gourmet cuisine, and exceptional safari experiences.
• Royal Malewane: Located in the Thornybush Private Game Reserve, Royal Malewane offers a truly regal safari experience. It features lavish suites, a world-class spa, and expertly guided safaris.
• Londolozi Private Game Reserve: Situated in the Sabi Sand Game Reserve, Londolozi is known for its intimate, exclusive lodges, exceptional wildlife viewing, and commitment to sustainable tourism.
• Ulusaba Private Game Reserve: Owned by Sir Richard Branson, Ulusaba is perched on a hill in the Sabi Sand Reserve. It offers luxurious treehouse-style lodges with panoramic views and outstanding game viewing.
• Lion Sands Game Reserve: Lion Sands has several lodges within the Sabi Sand Game Reserve and the Kruger National Park. Guests can enjoy the epitome of luxury while experiencing incredible wildlife encounters.
• Tswalu Kalahari Reserve: Tswalu, located in the Northern Cape, offers a unique luxury safari experience in the Kalahari Desert. The lodges are known for their privacy, exclusivity, and impeccable service.
• Phinda Private Game Reserve: &Beyond's Phinda Private Game Reserve in KwaZulu-Natal offers a luxurious safari experience with a strong focus on conservation. Guests can stay in elegant lodges and participate in various wildlife activities.
• Thanda Private Game Reserve: Thanda, located in KwaZulu-Natal, offers luxurious accommodations, including a private villa, along with excellent game viewing and conservation initiatives.
• Madikwe Hills Private Game Lodge: Found in the Madikwe Game Reserve, this lodge offers stunning suites with private plunge pools, gourmet dining, and unforgettable wildlife experiences.
• Kapama Private Game Reserve: Kapama is known for its opulent lodges and offers various activities such as hot air balloon safaris and wellness treatments.